The GOP-led Senate has approved a budget blueprint that closely aligns with President Donald Trump’s legislative priorities, which include a permanent extension of his 2017 tax cuts and an allocation of $175 billion for new border security measures.

The resolution passed with a vote of 51 to 48, with Republican Senators Rand Paul of Kentucky and Susan Collins of Maine joining Senate Democrats in opposition. The blueprint was approved around 2:30 a.m. following an extended “vote-a-rama” session, during which Senate Democrats forced their Republican counterparts to vote on a series of politically charged amendments concerning entitlement spending, government efficiency, and Trump’s tariffs.

Senate Republicans emphasized that, contrary to Democratic claims, the forthcoming tax and spending bill—which will be activated once the budget resolution is passed by both chambers—will not cut Medicaid or Medicare benefits for Americans. They are working to advance Trump’s legislative agenda through budget reconciliation, a process that allows Senate Republicans to bypass the filibuster and pass legislation with a simple majority.

“The argument will be made that we’re going to harm various groups tonight in different ways,” said Idaho Republican Senator Mike Crapo on the Senate floor. “But the reality is that’s not going to happen. The President has been very clear that any reforms to Medicare or Medicaid must not reduce patient benefits.”

Notably, no amendments proposed by Senate Democrats specifically addressed border security or expedited deportation efforts, according to the Daily Caller.

Paul opposed the budget resolution, arguing that it included a $5 trillion increase in the statutory debt limit, which he claimed would set a record for the largest borrowing in a single bill in recent American history.

“If we expand the debt by $5 trillion, that will equal or exceed everything that happened during the Biden years,” Paul stated on the Senate floor. “Republicans who support this will be on record as being more fiscally liberal than their Democratic counterparts, voting to borrow more money than the Democrats have ever borrowed.”

The nonpartisan Committee for a Responsible Budget estimated that the Senate’s bill, if left unchanged, would add up to $5.8 trillion to the deficit, labeling it “historically unprecedented in its fiscal irresponsibility.”

Senate GOP leadership argues that the bill’s low spending reduction targets provide the upper chamber with maximum flexibility to meet the requirements of the budget reconciliation process.

However, some fiscally conservative House Republicans are skeptical about the Senate’s commitment to reducing spending and have pledged to oppose the resolution unless it is amended.

“If the Senate can deliver real deficit reduction in line with or greater than the House goals, I can support the Senate budget resolution,” said House Freedom Caucus Chairman Andy Harris in a statement. “However, with the Senate setting committee instructions so low at $4 billion compared to the House’s $1.5 to $2 trillion, I am not convinced that will happen. The Senate is free to draft its reconciliation bill, but I cannot support the House passage of the Senate changes to our budget resolution until I see the actual spending and deficit reduction plans to implement President Trump’s America First agenda.”

House Budget Committee Chairman Jodey Arrington also expressed disappointment, stating, “The Senate response was unserious and disappointing, creating $5.8 trillion in new costs and a mere $4 billion in enforceable cuts, which is less than one day’s worth of borrowing by the federal government.”

The original House budget resolution did not include permanent tax relief, a position that was unacceptable to most Senate Republicans and the president.

To address this, Senate Republicans incorporated a permanent extension of Trump’s 2017 tax cuts into their fiscal framework, using a budget scoring method that assumes this extension will have a deficit-neutral effect, as the forthcoming bill would simply continue existing policies.

“Americans should not have to live in fear of a tax hike every few years,” Senator Thune stated in a speech on the floor Thursday.